50 years of LSD: current status and perspectives of hallucinogens : By Alfred Pletscher

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The three primary scales, which are positively correlated, are parts of the secondary scale. The first subscale is designated as “Ozeanische Selbstentgrenzung” (OSE) (“oceanic boundlessness”). The scale contains 13 items and describes a state similar to mystical experiences, according to the scientific literature in this subject. The second subscale: Angstvolle Ichaufl`sung (AIA) (“dread of ego dissolution”) is operationally defined by 22 items which indicate a very unpleasant state, similar to what is called a “bad trip” by drug-users. The third primary scale is termed Visionre Umstrukturierung (VUS) (“visionary restructuralization”) and includes the 14 items. It includes items on visual (pseudo)-hallucinations or visions, illusions and synesthesias.